Meet our Guests: Amanda Gardner

Amanda Gardner

Executive Director, White Clouds Preserve

Clayton, Idaho

9/11/21

Hiding from the sun, sunglasses cover a swath of Amanda Gardner’s face as she talks about the White Clouds Preserve (WCP), a budding nonprofit in central Idaho based around a 432-acre former cattle ranch. Amanda is the co-executive director of the organization, and since April of 2020, has lived on the preserve full-time. WCP’s mission is to “foster stewardship, education, and community,” Amanda says, while trying to wrangle her terrier on the lawn next to the three-story chalet on the property. Their most recent project has been restoring riparian habitat on the property – which was degraded by 100 years of ranching – to improve salmon spawning habitat. WCP has hired a local habitat restoration company to plant native species to provide shade for the overexposed river, serving the double purpose of helping the environment and supporting the local economy.

White Clouds Preserve’s lodge has floor-to-ceiling windows overlooking the East Fork of the Salmon River and provides housing for AmeriCorps volunteers and veterans in recreational therapy programs.  Coordinating reservations and programs for the facilities comprises much of what Amanda does, and looking forward, the “hope is to be a hub,” from where more volunteer groups can “work out of, and go in different directions in central Idaho.”

By Kevin Faeustle

Meet our Educators: Mitch Cutter

Mitch Cutter

Salmon and Steelhead Advocacy Fellow, Idaho Conservation League

Stanley, ID

9/11/21 – 9/14/21

“A five-star hotel for salmon and steelhead to come back to”, he says, “but the road is washed out.”

Mitch Cutter—2014 Westie, 2018 SITW Technical Manager, and current Salmon and Steelhead Advocacy Fellow with Idaho Conservation League—is describing habitat that has been restored high up in the Snake River basin for threatened salmonid species like sockeye and steelhead.

Bonneville Power Administration, the entity responsible for the energy generated by the hydroelectric dams on the Columbia and Snake Rivers, has spent $18 billion towards mitigation for the disruption of anadromous fish migration due to the dams. Most of this money has been spent on habitat restoration projects in small tributaries to recreate shaded, sinuous streams in reaches that had been straightened, overgrazed, or not taken care of. Mitch does not doubt that this has been successful, however the fish are still not coming back.

This is why Mitch, through his work, advocates for the removal of the four Lower Snake River dams. Mitch works with and for Idahoans; building support for dam removal through coalition building, letters to the editor, and encouraging them to elect politicians who support dam removal policy. He often reaches out to Idaho farmers who currently rely on the navigable passage provided by dams to transport their product to find alternate modes of transport.

Mitch says, “Fish need one thing, and that’s a river”. To restore an economically and ecologically significant population, Mitch and Idaho Conservation League believe the dams must go.

By Katie Wallace

Meet our Guests: Kurt Tardy

Kurt Tardy

Anadromous Fish Biologist, Shoshone-Bannock Tribes

Stanley, Idaho

09/13/21

Kurt Tardy is an anadromous fish biologist who has been working with the Shoshone-Bannock tribes in central Idaho for nearly a decade. Kurt’s focus is on fish restoration, with the long-term goal of restoring salmon and steelhead populations to their historic abundance and the short-term goal of saving them from impending extinction.

Using the term “50,000-foot view,” Kurt advocated for a more holistic approach to restoration—one that goes beyond just habitat restoration. He used the metaphor of a newly built hotel, saying that numerous habitat-focused organizations have spent copious amounts of time, energy and money building a five-star hotel for fish in the upper Snake River. However, because of out-of-basin factors like dams, high water temperatures, and juvenile fish mortality, there are no fish to put in those hotel rooms. 

     Kurt brought Westies on a tour of a fish weir that was recently constructed on Pettit Creek in the Sawtooth Mountains. The fish weir is designed to catch sockeye migrating to and from Pettit Lake for biologists to count. Kurt’s passion for fish restoration shone through as he talked about the sockeye captive brood program, a project in which sockeye are genetically matched to produce the most successful offspring, who are then reared in their natural lake environment. Through projects like this, Kurt is dedicated to making concrete progress on achievable short-term goals without losing site of the big picture dream for a return to historic salmon runs. 

By Livvie Bright

Meet our Guests: Tom Page

Tom Page

Rancher and Policy Chair, Western Landowners Alliance

Challis, ID

9/12/2021

At the foot of the Lemhi Mountains in central Idaho, Tom Page stands beside a babbling creek. Tom is the Policy Chair for Western Landowners Alliance, an organization dedicated to supporting working landscapes and native ecosystems around the western U.S. He also manages Big Creek Ranch where he grazes cattle and implements restoration projects to support endangered species like Chinook and Steelhead. Tom owns 8,000 acres of the ranch outright, and holds the grazing permit for the remaining 112,000 acres of public land.

The creek Tom stands beside is a perfect example of his restoration efforts. Eight years ago, this land was a feedlot; the ground a foot-deep soup of mud and manure. Now the creek wanders through banks of willow and is surrounded by fields of grasses, all thanks to the water reallocation and stream restoration Tom has done since buying the property in 2014.

Not only does Tom labor tirelessly to restore habitat for critical species on his property, he is also intent on understanding and changing policies that govern land use so they will be more protective of functioning ecosystems. Tom is aware that much of the impressive restoration that he has done at Big Creek Ranch, from putting irrigation water back in streams to wildlife friendly fencing, could be easily undone under new ownership. Tom’s role at the Western Landowners Alliance allows him to advocate for change that will codify restoration of this land that he loves for generations to come.

By Morgan Sharp

Meet our Guests: Alexa Whipple

Alexa Whipple

Executive Director, Methow Beaver Project

Methow Valley, WA

9/5/2021

         Along the Methow River’s Silver Side Channel, Alexa Whipple, Project Director for the Methow Beaver Project, emphasizes that diversity is key to the stream health. The river channel here weaves through riparian vegetation, side pools, debris, rapids, and two beaver ponds. At the end of the second pond, a large section of plastic tube allows for fish to pass through an existing beaver dam. It is one of many on-the-ground restoration projects that Alexa manages.

Today, beavers have largely been removed from the Methow River watershed by human trapping and their habitat replaced by houses built next to streams. This means that reintroducing the mammal to these parts hinges on landowner cooperation. To Alexa, the short-term goal is to protect current beaver habitat and introduce them in key, manageable locations. The long-term goal is to move people out of the floodplain and allow streams to flood and meander again. Restoration projects like the one on Silver Side Channel are proactive steps toward a beaver-filled watershed, but Alexa recognizes they will not accomplish this goal on their own, saying, “solutions don’t have to be the final option.”

Efforts to restore beaver to the Methow River are slow-moving and face a variety of challenges. Perhaps most severe: the species is not protected in the U.S., so trappers may kill the beaver that Alexa and her organization have invested so much in. Still, Alexa often carries a forward-looking beam on her face as she works.

By Fielding Schaefer

Photo credit: Haley Post

Meet our Guests: Kristen Kirkby

Kristen Kirkby

Fisheries Biologist, Cascade Fisheries

Twisp, WA

8/31/2021

There are nine dams on the Columbia River between the ocean and the spawning grounds for salmon and steelhead in the Methow River Basin. During migration their chances of survival exponentially decrease with each obstacle. For Kristen Kirkby, Fisheries Biologist with Cascade Fisheries and 2004 Westie, protecting this migration route is key. Spring Chinook salmon, steelhead, bull trout, and Pacific lamprey (Kristen’s favorite water dwellers) are all listed under the Endangered Species Act as either threatened or endangered. The populations of these species have been plummeting over the past century due to a variety of factors Kristen says can be summarized as the four “H’s”: habitat, hatcheries, harvest, and hydroelectric dams. Overconsumption, habitat degradation, disease from hatcheries, and dams create a nearly impossible path to sea for these fish.

In an effort to ameliorate the dire situation, Kirkby utilizes mitigation funds from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the organization that manages Columbia River hydroelectricity, to restore and rehabilitate rivers and tributaries that can help safely house and transport fish on their journey through the Columbia River. These funds stem BPA, which promised to pay out $900 million from their revenue for fish habitat restoration projects over a period of ten years.

Kristen has been working on projects with Cascade Fisheries for more than a decade, one of which located at Wolf Creek in the Methow Valley. Westies were fortunate enough to suit up and snorkel with some of the many fish that inhabit and thrive within the restored riparian area. The work that Kirkby is doing is limited in its ability to drastically alter the survival chances of salmonids trapped in a dammed river system once they leave protected habitats upriver. And yet, her confidence remains reassuring despite the unpredictable flow of fish politics in the Pacific Northwest.

By Elio Van Gorden

Meet our Guests: Montana Pagano

Montana Pagano

Watershed Restoration Specialist, Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries

Wallowa, OR

8/25/21

Montana Pagano covers a lot of ground with her work for the Nez Perce Tribe as a Watershed Restoration Specialist. Her project area encompasses 3 million acres in Northeast Oregon and Southeast Washington where she focuses on salmonid (salmon and trout) habitat restoration. Semester in the West was able to visit one of her recent projects on a site owned by the Nez Perce Tribe where her team is in the final stages of creating a side channel on the Wallowa River to enhance native fish habitat. More than 100 years ago the river was straightened by non-native residents, destroying much of the river’s fish habitat. The Nez Perce’s side channel project reintroduces refuges for juvenile salmonids that are quickly vanishing from streams due to the prevalence of dams and warming stream temperatures caused by climate change.

It took several years before the project received approval and the Tribe was able to break ground. Montana reflects, “habitat restoration work takes a long time. It takes a long time to get this habitat to the level of degradation that it’s in, so you can imagine it takes a while to rehabilitate it.” Currently, the river is showing signs of improvement. The side channel has already created mellow stretches of stream for fish to rest with ample shade from transplanted willows, and the river will continue to evolve as natural processes take over the restoration work. A long time in the making, the persistent efforts of Montana and her team are beginning to pay off.

By Ruthie Colburn

Photo credit: Phil Brick

Meet our Guests: Joe McCormack

Joe McCormack

Tribal Fisheries Biologist, Nez Perce Department of Fisheries

Wallowa, OR

8/26/21

The Nimiipuu people, known by most as the Nez Perce, were forced from their homeland in what is now Wallowa County, Oregon in late 1877 by white settlers and the US Army. Since the infamous Flight of the Nez Perce, most tribal members live on a reservation in Idaho, hundreds of miles from their traditional territory. Joe McCormack is a biologist for the Nez Perce Department of Fisheries and one of the few tribal members still living in Wallowa County, working to revive populations of the salmon his ancestors subsisted off of since time immemorial.

Salmon historically spawned in the Wallowa River basin, but more than a century of stream channelization and habitat degradation has pushed their numbers close to extinction. After earning a degree in fish biology from Washington State University, Joe moved to a ranch in Wallowa County and today spends his time working to restore salmon to the Wallowa River. Most days, that means monitoring fish populations or adding structure and native vegetation to river banks. Joe considers himself lucky to have studied fisheries biology, as it gave him the privilege of living in his ancestral homeland, and he thinks education is an important step for other Nimiipuu to return to their ancestral land: “Young people now are getting undergrad degrees, graduate degrees, doctorate degrees... and that I think is key to people moving to Wallowa County, with those tools.” Joe is using his education and Western science as a lever to return culturally significant animals and tradition to his people’s home.

By Kevin Faeustle

Photo credit: Phil Brick